بستنة قدم مربع من التربة

Square Foot Gardening

What is square foot gardening? A simple, unique and versatile system that adapts to all levels of experience, physical ability, and geographical location. Grow all you want and need in only 20% of the space of a conventional row garden. Save time, water, work and money! I am following the square foot gardening method, and I'll be using it as a reference through out the blog. Square foot gardening invented by the genius Mel Bartholomew! Learn more about it in his website , Or order his very very valuable book. It may come in downloadable PDF files too, if you search.

فيما يلي الأشياء العشرة التي تجعل SFG مختلفة عن البستنة التقليدية للصفوف:

1. تخطيط الحديقة. رتب حديقتك في مربعات وليس صفوف. قسمها إلى مناطق زراعية مقاس 4 x 4 قدم يمكن للنباتات المتجاورة أن تساعد بعضها البعض على النمو بشكل أكبر ولذيذ!
2. ال
مربعات. بناء صناديق لوضع مزيج تربة جديد فوق الأرض. التربة الموجودة لديك لا تهم! إنساها، والقلق فقط بشأن التربة الجديدة التي تسمى Mel's Mix.
3. الممرات. مربعات فارغة بمساحة 3 قدم بخلاف ممرات المشي. يسهل المشي والجلوس حول الصناديق، خاصةً عندما تصبح نباتاتك كبيرة جداً وتتدلي من الصناديق قليلاً.
4. التربة.
 أملأ الصناديق بمزيج التربة الخاص بميل: 1/3 سماد مخلوط (يرجى صنع السماد الخاص بك! السماد المباع في الكويت قاتم قليلاً)، 1/3 من الطحالب، و 1/3 من الفيرميكوليت الخشن (جميعها متوفرة بتكلفة إقتصادية).
5. ال
شبكة. إصنع شبكة قدم مربعة دائمة لأعلى كل صندوق. لابد!
6. الرعاية.
لا تمشي أبداً على التربة النامية الخاصة بك. هذه هي الطريقة التي تظل بها التربة رقيقة وجيدة التهوية كي تظل الجذور سعيدة. قم بحماية حديقتك من أن تكون ممراً للمشي.
7. الإختيار.
 إزرع زهرة أو نباتاً أو محصولاً عشبياً مختلفاً في كل قدم مربع، بإستخدام 1 أو 4 أو 9 أو 16 نباتاً لكل قدم مربع. يمكنك، على سبيل المثال، أن تزرع حبة طماطم واحدة في مربع، لكنك ستزرع 16 جزرة في مربع آخر. بإستخدام هذا النظام، يمكنك جمع الكثير من الحدائق في مساحة صغيرة والحصول على عوائد ممتازة.
8. النبات.
حفظ البذور. إزرع قرصة فقط (2 أو 3 بذور) لكل حفرة. ضع الزرعات في غور خفيف على شكل صحن. هذا يعني أنك لن تفقد البذور! الطريقة التقليدية هي زراعة الكثير من البذور ثم قطع الغالبية وترك الأقوى.
9. الماء.
الري باليد بإستخدام دلو من الماء الدافئ.
10. المحصول.
عند الإنتهاء من حصاد قدم مربع، أضف السماد فقط وأعد زرعه بمحصول جديد ومختلف.

إليك كيف أبدأ تخطيط حديقتي بالقدم المربع:

لقد قررت ما يتعلق بحجم المنطقة التي أريد إستخدامها، فأنا أضع SFG الخاص بي على سطح منزلي، والذي حرصت على تتميز بتعرضها المباشر لأشعة الشمس الكاملة لفترة 8 ساعات على الأقل. أنا أتطور وبدأت بالكثير من الصناديق. لذلك بعد التخطيط الشامل، قررت أنني أريد صندوقين بحجم 4 × 4 قدم مربع (وهو المعيار) صندوقين أصغر حجماً للخضروات الجذرية مثل الجزر والبطاطس، وصندوق واحد طويل للأعشاب. يمكنك تنزيل الدليل الذي أنشأته للنجارين here. إنه ليس الرسم التوضيحي الأكثر دقة لما تبدو عليه الصناديق في النهاية، لكن الأرقام صحيحة.

يمكنك تغيير القياسات كيفما تشاء، والأهم من ذلك، عليك التأكد من أن كل مربع يبلغ حجمه 1 قدم مربع = 30 سم. تتطلب أيضاً معظم الخضروات 6 بوصات من التربة، وقد قررت إستخدام حوالي 20 سم. إذا تم وضع الصناديق فوق حديقة / تربة، فلن تحتاج إلى قيعان. في حالتي، لا بد لي من وضع قيعان لأنهم سيكونون في السقف. القيعان مقاومة للماء من الخشب الرقائقي بسمك 2 سم. يجب أن يحتوي الخشب الرقائقي على فتحات حوالي 0.6 سم محفورة في كل مربع، بالإضافة إلى الزوايا. تحتوي صناديقي على مربعات غريبة في الخشب الرقائقي لأن النجار أخطأ في 0.6 سم بسبب ثقوب ضخمة بحجم 6 سم، وقد قمت بإصلاحها دون مشاكل. 

مهد البطاطس / الجزر:

أحد القواعد 4x4 مع مهد الأعشاب:

يمكنك بالطبع بناء الصناديق الخاصة بك، وهناك دليل مفصل للغاية في الكتاب. أنا متأكد من أنها أكثر متعة، ليس لدي المهارة أو الوقت، لذلك قمت بإنجاز الصناديق مقابل إجمالي 50 ديناراً، 30 ديناراً للخشب و 20 ديناراً للتقطيع والتركيب. أنجز هذا العمل إبراهيم من ورشة Classic Design Carpentry:

لا تنس، يمكنك جمع نشارة الخشب مجاناً وإستخدامها كمصدر للكربون في سمادك! ربما أرسم السطح الخارجي للصناديق مع الأطفال قبل بدء الموسم، ما رأيك؟

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The game playing gambling establishment is usually far additional than simply a new developing along with position models as well as card desks. It can be any meticulously carefully engineered environment designed in order to individual supporters through the cash by way of the mix regarding fun, psychology and mindset, along with unchanging math concepts. Via a luxurious corridors regarding Monte Carlo Carlo to the energetic pieces regarding Nevada Vegas, nevada along with a electronic kingsoms involving on the internet platforms, casinos signify a enormous money worldwide market packed using both appeal and also debate.

Exactly what is the Casino house? Outside of this Games

On its primary, any gaming hall can be the service which properties along with caters for selected sorts involving gambling pursuits. A frequent common factor is the actual “home benefit”—the statistical benefit constructed in to each and every game which will assures this casino transforms the income in excess of a extended word.

Primary Game playing Solutions:

Desk Online games: These consist of games involving chance along with partly ability handled through are living retailers.

Blackjack: The greeting card online game wherever players take on against this dealer in order to acquire a hand worth closest to twenty-one with no beating this. It’s one particular regarding the couple of online games in which participant talent can easily minimize a home border.

Roulette: An real sport involving possibility exactly where participants wager upon where any golf ball may land in any spinning tire.

Craps table: The full of life chop video game concerning complicated wagering on a end product of the actual rolls.

Baccarat chemin de fer: An easy looking at credit card video game, well-known amid higher rollers, in which participants gamble about if this “Participant” or even “Financial institution” fretting hand can certainly earn.

Texas holdem: As opposed to other online games, inside online poker, people contend from every single various other. The gaming hall would make funds simply by taking any modest percentage of each weed, known since this “rake.”

Electric Game playing:

Position Machines: The biggest revenue power generator with regard to nearly all current casino houses. These tend to be games associated with natural possibility employing Arbitrary and capricious Quantity Units (Rng). Its bright lamps, interesting motifs, along with probable with regard to substantial lottery jackpots help to make these individuals extremely well-known.

Some other Actions: Several gaming halls additionally function sportsbooks (regarding playing about sports events), keno lottery, as well as housie halls and corridors.

A Body involving the Casino: Intended for Income

Gambling establishment design and inside pattern are not really arbitrary and capricious; these individuals tend to be carefully created to be able to inspire wagering along with disorientation.

A Puzzle Design: Casinos are usually notoriously challenging to understand. There are scarcely direct routes in order to departures or amenities enjoy bathrooms. This particular design retains supporters wandering earlier more game playing options.

Sensory Overburden: At this time there will be zero clocks and watches or even glass windows, building a new classic surroundings. This continuous call regarding slot machines, upbeat songs, as well as vibrant hues develop a new arousing atmosphere that will escalates thrills.

Convenience as well as Complimentary Rewards: Free of charge beer and wine products, comfortable seats, as well as opulent environments produce supporters feel valued along with less prone in order to depart. Higher sharers tend to be often comped along with totally free rooms, dishes, as well as plane ticket for you to incentivize its high-pressure participate in.

A Short Historical past: From Taverns to Integrated Vacations

The actual concept associated with betting is age-old, although a modern casino offers distinct sources.

18th Century Italy: This first federal penalized gambling residence has been the actual Venetian ridotto within Venice and the canals (sixteen thirty eight), proven to regulate wagering throughout funfair season.

Nineteenth Hundred years Europe: The actual Gaming hall associated with Monte Carlo (1863) throughout Monaco principality established a design with regard to this stylish, upper class casino house, making use of the income in order to conserve a controlling Home regarding Grimaldi via bankruptcy.

Twentieth Hundred years America: Game playing flourished about paddlewheelers along with within boundary cities. The actual legitimization involving game playing inside Nv inside 1931 guided to the rise of Las Vegas, which will transformed by any uninhabited oasis directly into the actual “Leisure Investment capital associated with a Globe.” The actual later development associated with Atlantic sea Town and the growth regarding Indigenous United states casino houses beneath the actual Of india Gaming Regulatory Act (1988) further solidified casino culture in Ough. Utes..

Twentieth Hundred years: This Built-in Lodge: The product introduced simply by Las Vegas features been internationalized, almost all importantly throughout Macao, which usually now outshines Las Vegas in income. The actual current gaming hall is usually frequently an “Included Vacation” (IR), blending gambling using world class resorts, fine restaurants, buying department stores, get together centers, and stay amusement, aiming to entice the wider group outside of simply betting enthusiasts.

The Economical and Social Influence: A Dual-edged Sword

The actual attendance involving the gaming hall offers considerable results in the local community.

Reasons inside Like (Monetary Positive aspects):

Work Development: Gambling establishments are labor-intensive, producing careers inside hospitality, security, control, along with much more.

Income tax Income: Government bodies charge important obligations upon casino profits, which can easily pay for open public providers such as schooling, infrastructure, and also public programs.

Travel Increase: Significant gaming hall attractions entice local and overseas tourists, advantageous the whole nearby economy (airlines, hotels, eating places).

Metropolitan Renewal: Casinos might act as catalysts regarding regenerating blighted places, since seen throughout components regarding Ocean City along with Motor city.

Reasons Against (Interpersonal Charges):

Trouble Game playing and Habit: This kind of will be this the majority of significant sociable charge. Compulsive betting can direct in order to economic damage, personal debt, insolvency, criminal acts, and also extreme psychological health problems, devastating people and also families.

Increased Offences: Reports possess associated casinos to increases inside local crime charges, which includes stealing, fraud, and also misappropriation.

Negative Sociable Externalities: These kinds of might incorporate the go up in individual and personal insolvency prices, elevated need regarding interpersonal providers, along with any possible decrease within local property values.

The “Reverse Duty” Effect: Detractors state that gambling establishments successfully purpose while the reverse tax, because low income personas spend the more substantial portion regarding the earnings on gambling than richer types.

The actual Therapy associated with Betting: The reason why We all Play

Casinos effectively utilize proven thinking tendencies as well as subconscious fundamentals:

Occasional Fortification: Slot machine machines tend to be the best example. This unknown, intermittent earnings produce a highly effective along with addictive reward period much more robust than regular successful.

The actual Misguided belief of Handle: Online games like twenty-one and also dice rolling within dice game create participants sense its ability as well as “approach” might have an effect on a good outcome that is usually eventually haphazard.

The actual “Almost a win” Result: If the position system displays a couple of lottery jackpot icons along with a last only does not hit, the mind procedures this likewise to a great genuine win, stimulating additional perform.

Thrown Charge Mistaken belief: This thinking that will right after investing any considerable level of funds, one particular must continue actively playing to be able to “win this back.”

A Electronic Revolution: Internet Casinos

This world wide web offers popularized entry in order to casino house game playing, making the completely new collection regarding issues and options.

Convenience as well as Simplicity: Players can risk 24/7 via its homes or cellular units, dramatically growing accessibility and the probable pertaining to trouble gambling.

An More expansive Video game Range: Online casino houses provide a large number of port versions and dinner table online games in most risk ranges.

Incentives and Marketing: For you to bring in players, on-line tools present subscribe additional bonuses, free of charge revolves, as well as customer loyalty applications, which can often be sophisticated as well as arrive with stringent gambling specifications.
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Regulation as well as Safety and security: The actual validity regarding internet gambling fluctuates widely through authority. Respectable sites make use of security encryption and also are usually licensed by governing bodies (e.g., the actual British isles Betting Commission, Malta island Game playing Authority), although uncontrolled, scoundrel providers likewise occur.

Verdict

This wagering casino can be a complicated institution, a new emblem of glamour as well as thrills regarding some, and any resource of wreck as well as habit with regard to others. The idea will be a highly effective economic motor which can easily propel improvement although also provides considerable public fees. As a industry remains to be able to evolve with technologies , expanding directly into online actuality along with digital currency-based systems, the essential basics continue being a identical: the actual residence benefit is usually endless, along with a setting will be thoroughly created for you to preserve people actively playing. With regard to a person, a major in order to appealing using this kind of community lies throughout comprehending these kinds of mechanisms, setting rigid limitations, and also viewing just about any funds expended not necessarily while a strong purchase, but as the cost compensated regarding amusement—leisure that, mathematically, generally prefers a residence.

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